There are a lot of variables that affect gas mileage. But the biggest "gas eating" factor is wind resistance. Wind resistance is exponential, specifically resistance = velocity squared.
In easy terms, that means that if you double your speed (50 mph vs. 100 mph) the wind resistance is 4 times greater, and it takes more gas to overcome that wind resistance.
Certainly, gear ratios affect the actual mileage. In a silly, extreme example, driving 50 mph in 1st gear will certainly use more gas than 80 mph in top gear.
You said you get better mileage at 80 mph. How do you know? From the fuel consumption indicator? That is really not a overall indicator. The only accurate way to really know is to fill up, record the starting mileage, drive at 80 mph for a while, fill up and record the finishing mileage, to get your true MPG. Then repeat at 50 mph.
My guess is that you'll actually see better mileage at 50 - 60 mph than 80 - 90 mph, but I could be wrong.